Hello guys how are you? Hope you are all good and well.
Today we will discuss about,
- What is a substation?
- Why need of substation?
- Types of substation?
- Advantage and disadvantages of different types of substation.
Now let's go to learn about,
What is a substation: -
A substation is an assembly of apparatus or equipments which is mainly used for the controlling of transmission and distribution of electrical power from one place to another.
The main equipments of a substation are transformer, circuit breakers, fuses, insulators etc.
 |
| Add caption |
Now a question arises here,
Why we need substation?
Substation plays an important role in transmission and distribution of electrical power. With the help of a substation we can control our electrical power. The various functions of substation are given below, due to which we require substation in transmission and distribution: -
1. With the help of a substaion we can step up or step down the voltage. Means we can increase or decrease the output voltage level as compared to its input voltage.
2. The substations also used to convert the frequency of the electrical power as per requirements.
3. Substations are used for switching purposes. Means we can switch on or switch off the supply as per requirements by the help of the substation.
4. The substations are used to change AC into DC or DC into AC when require.
5. If we installed capacitor banks in substation, then we can also improve our power factor.
So these are the functions due to which we use a substation.
Now,
Types of substation: -
There are various types of substations according to their design and functions as given below: -
1. Step up and step down substation: -
These are the substation, which is used to step up or step down the voltage.
Step up substation is the substation in which step up transformer is installed to increase the voltage level. These substations are generally used in primary transmission where we need to step up the voltage level so that we can minimize the losses occurs in transmission lines.
Whereas,
Step down substation is the substation in which step down transformer is installed to decrease the voltage level. These substations are generally installed in secondary transmission, primary distribution, and secondary distribution to decrease the voltage as per requirement.
2. Indoor or outdoor substation: -
These are the substation, which is installed inside or outside the building.
Indoor substation: -
The substation in which all equipments or apparatuses are installed within the substation building are known as indoor substation. Generally these substations are used to step down 11KV voltage to 440V.
As it step down the voltage therefore step down transformer is used in this type of substation.
Advantages and disadvantages of indoor substation:-
Advantages of indoor substation:-
- These types of substation require less space as compared to outdoor substation.
- The maintenance of this type of substation is easy.
- It is a more reliable substation.
- As it is installed within the building, it is safer then outdoor substation.
Disadvantages of indoor substation: -
- The main disadvantage of this type of substation is that they cannot be used at high voltages.
- We can use them up to 11KV and 33KV or 66KV in some cases (if surrounding atmosphere is free from impurities).
- As these substations are placed within a building so there initial cost is high.
Outdoor substation: -
The substaions in which all apparatus and equipments are place outside the building are known as outdoor substation.
They can be used for both transmission and distribution. There are mainly two types of outdoor substations are there:-
Pole mounted substation: -
- In this type of substation, the apparatus or equipments are installed in open on poles.
- These types of substation can be used for the transformer having capacity up to 250KV.
- The 2 pole structure is used up to 125KV.
- The 4 pole structure is used for 125KV to 250KV.
- This type of substation can be used in secondary distribution in which 11KV is converted into 440KV and then distributed to various loads.
- These types of substations are also known as distribution substation.
Foundation mounted substation:-
- In this type of outdoor substation, all the equipments or apparatuses are installed in open on a brick or cement foundation.
- These types of substation can be used for primary transmission, secondary transmission and secondary distribution.
- These types of substation are installed for the transformer capacity more than 250KVA.
- These types of substation are also known as transmission substation.
Advantages and disadvantages of outdoor substation: -
Advantages: -
1. As in outdoor substation the apparatuses are placed in open therefore it is easy to find fault location.
2. These substations are installed in open therefore their time of construction and cost is low as compared to indoor substation.
3. Repairing work of this type of substation is easy.
4. Future expansion is easy, if required.
Disadvantages: -
1. These types of substation require more space.
2. Protection is required against lightning.
3. As equipments are installed in open, they face more dust and variations in weather as compared to indoor substation therefore we have to construct or design them according to environmental conditions, which increase the cost of the substation.
Conclusion: -
Indoor type substations are used for distribution only in the capacity of the transformer up to 250KVA. And its main function is to step down the voltage.
Whereas,
Outdoor substations are used for both transmission and distribution in the capacity of transformer above 250KVA. It may be used to step up or step down the voltage as per requirement.
Now tell me in a comment about the practical application of indoor substation?
So this was about substation, types of substation, advantages and disadvantages of different types of substation.
If you have any doubt then tell me in a comment.
If you like the article then share with your friends.
Thank you.
Hope article helps you.
0 Comments